Consider stepwise application of Gauss's law in the following three cases.
| System | Infinite line of charge | Infinite plane of charge | Uniformly charged solid sphere |
| Figure | ![]() | ![]() | |
| Identify the symmetry | Cylindrical | Planar | Spherical |
| Determine the direction of | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| Divide the space into different regions | r > 0 | z > 0 and z < 0 | r |
| Choose Gaussian surface | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| Calculate electric surface | |||
| Calculate enclosed charge qin | qenc = | qenc = | |
| Apply Gauss's law | ![]() |









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